Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the activation of a variety of important target genes. There are 48 genes that encode NRs in the human genome, and these receptors now represent one of the most important targets for therapeutic drug development .
What drugs target nuclear receptors?
The nuclear receptor superfamily is one of the primary classes of therapeutic drug targets for human disease. Among the drugs that target nuclear receptors are the anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids, steroidal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapies, as well as the fibrate class of lipid-lowering agents.
Also, what is the function of nuclear receptors?
Nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors that control development, differentiation, and homeostasis. Over the last 15 years a growing number of nuclear receptors have been identified that coordinate genetic networks regulating lipid metabolism and energy utilization.
Another popular question is “Do nuclear receptors control lipid metabolism and energy utilization?”.
Over the last 15 years a growing number of nuclear receptors have been identified that coordinate genetic networks regulating lipid metabolism and energy utilization.
Receptors, located on both the cell surface and within the cell, are the molecular targets through which drugs produce their beneficial effects in various disease states. Receptors were initially conceptualized at the beginning of the 20th century by the parallel efforts of Ehrlich and Langley.
Aldosterone targets which part of the nephron?
Aldosterone, a steroid hormone with mineralocorticoid activity, is mainly recognized for its action on sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron of the kidney, which is mediated by the epithelial sodium channel (ENa. C).
ADH increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts Aldosterone works on the distal convoluted tubule and leads to increased blood pressure. What is the name of the cells in the nephron that respond to ADH and aldosterone? Endothelial What area of the nephron is sensitive to the hormone aldosterone? Distal convoluted tubule.
Another thing we wanted the answer to was what are the pathophysiological effects of aldosterone?
Beyond this well-known action, however, aldosterone exerts other effects on the kidney, blood vessels and the heart, which can have pathophysiological consequences, particularly in the presence of a high salt intake.
What happens when aldosterone is absent in the nephron?
When aldosterone is absent, Na+ reabsorption in the nephron is greatly reduced, and as 30-40g of sodium can be lost in the urine daily. The answer is decreased.
Which target organ receives dual innervation?
All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.
The next thing we wondered was: why is the heart innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers?
Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic. The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.
Most visceral organs receive dual innervation—they are innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. In this condition, the effects of the two divisions of the autonomic system may be antagonistic, complementary, or cooperative (table 9.7).